ABSTRACT

Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................154 Epidemiology ..................................................................................................154 Pathophysiology ............................................................................................. 155

Oxidative Stress .......................................................................................... 155 Inflammation ..............................................................................................156 Autoimmune Dysfunction ..........................................................................156

Treatment and Prevention ..............................................................................158 Sodium (Na±) Reduction .............................................................................160 Potassium .................................................................................................... 161 Magnesium (Mg±±) ......................................................................................162 Calcium (Ca±±).............................................................................................162 Zinc (Zn±±) ..................................................................................................163 Protein ........................................................................................................163 Amino Acids and Related Compounds ......................................................165